source: SMC4LRT/chapters/Definitions.tex @ 3551

\chapter{Definitions}
\label{ch:def}

\section {Namespaces}
Namespaces mentioned through this document listed:

\begin{description}
\item[dcif]  
\item[skos]
\end{description}  

\section {Abbreviations}

\begin{description}
\item[CLARIN] \textit{Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure} \ref{def:CLARIN}
\item[CLAVAS] \textit{Vocabulary Alignement Service for CLARIN} \ref{def:CLAVAS}
\item[CMD] \textit{Component Metadata} \ref{def:CMD}
\item[CMDI] \textit{Component Metadata Infrastructure} \ref{def:CMDI}
\item[ERIC] \textit{European Research Infrastructure  Consortium} - a legal entity for long-term research infrastructure initiatives
\item[DARIAH] \textit{Digital Research Infrastructure for Arts and Humanities}
\item[DC] data category
\item[DCR] data category registry \cite{ISO12620:2009}
\item[DH] Digital Humanities, also eHumanities
\item[LINDAT] czech national infrastructure for LRT\furl{http://lindat.ufal.cuni.cz}
\item[OLAC] \textit{Open Language Archive Community}\furl{http://www.language-archives.org/}\ref{def:OLAC}
\item[PID] persistend identifier \todocite{PID}
\item[PURL] persistent uniform resource locator \todocite{PURL}
\item[RDF] \textit{Resource Description Framework} \todocite{RDF}
\item[RR] Relation Registry\ref{def:rr}  
\item[TEI] \textit{Text Encoding Initiative}
\end{description}

\section {Terms}

In the following, the terms used in this work are explained.

\begin{description}
\item[Concept]  Basic "entity" in an ontology? that of what an ontology is build 
\item[Ontology]  ``an explicit specification of a conceptualization'' \todocite {Ontology!}, but for us mainly a collection of concepts as opposed to lexicon, which is a collection of words.
\item[Word]  a lexical unit, a word in a language, something that has a surface realization (writtenForm) and is a carrier of sense. so a relation holds: hasSense(Word, Concept)
\item[Lexicon]  a collection of words, a (lexical) vocabulary
\item[Vocabulary] an index providing mapping from Word (string) to Concept (uri)
\item[(Data)Category] (almost) the same as Concept; Things like \concept{Topic}, \concept{Genre}, \concept{Organization}, \concept{ResourceType} are instantiations of Category
\item[ConceptualDomain] the Class of entities a Concept/Category denotes. For Organization it would be all (existing) organizations,  CD(ResourceType)={Corpus, Lexicon, Document, Image, Video, ...}. Entities of the domain can itself be Categories (\concept{ResourceType:Image}), but it can be also individuals
 (\concept{Organization University of Vienna})
        \todoin{Is it synonymous to value domain, range}
\item[Entity] 
\item[Resource] informational resource, in the context of CLARIN-Project  mainly Language Resources (Corpus, Lexicon, Multimedia)
\item[Metadata Description] description of some properties of a resource.  MD-Record
\item[Schema] - CMD-Profile
\item[Annotation] 
\end{description}


Lexicon vs. Ontology
Lexicon is a linguistic object an ontology is not.\cite{Hirst2009} We don't need to be that strict, but it shall be a guiding principle in this work to consider things (Datasets, Vocabularies, Resources) also along this dichotomy/polarity: Conceptual vs. Lexical.
And while every Ontology has to have a lexical representation (canonically: rdfs:label, rdfs:comment, skos:*label), if we don't try to force observed objects into a binary classification, but consider a bias spectrum, we should be able to locate these along this spectrum.
So the main focus of a typical ontology are the concepts (``conceptualization''), primarily language-independent.


Another special case are Controlled Vocabularies or Taxonomies/Classification Systems, let alone folksonomies, in that they identify terms and concepts/meanings, ie there is no explicit mapping between the language represenation and the concept, but rather the term is implicit carrier of the meaning/concept.
So for example in the LCSH the surface realization of each subject-heading at the same time identifies the Concept ~.

ontologicky vs. semaziologicky (Semanticke priznaky: kategoriálne/archysémy, difernciacne, specifikacne)