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- 03/13/13 18:07:20 (11 years ago)
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- SMC4LRT/chapters
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SMC4LRT/chapters/Data.tex
r2672 r2697 1 1 2 2 \chapter{Analysis of the data landscape} 3 4 This section gives an overview of existing metadata formats together with a description of their characteristics and their usage3 \label{ch:data} 4 This section gives an overview of existing standards and formats for metadata and content annotations in the field of Language Resources and Technology together with a description of their characteristics and their respective usage in the projects and initiatives. 5 5 6 6 7 \section{Metadata Schemas}7 \section{Metadata Formats} 8 8 9 9 \subsection{CMD-Framework} 10 11 12 10 13 11 \begin{center} … … 52 50 53 51 54 \section{Metadata collections}55 52 56 META-NET 57 58 \subsection{CMDI} 59 collections, profiles/Terms, ResourceTypes! 60 61 62 \section{Content/Annotation Schemas} 53 \section{Content/Annotation Formats} 63 54 64 55 CHILDES, TEI, EAF! … … 66 57 Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC)\footnote{\url{http://openannotation.org/}} 67 58 59 [LAF] Linguistic Annotation Framework 68 60 69 \section{Ontologies, Controlled Vocabularies, Knowledge Organizing Systems}70 61 62 63 \section{Ontologies, Controlled Vocabularies, Reference Data, Authority Files} 64 \label{refdata} 65 66 Based on popular demand, the work on reference data for the SSH-community should cover at least the following dimensions (with tentative denominations of corresponding existing vocabularies): 67 68 \begin{itemize} 69 \item Data Categories / Concepts - ISOcat 70 \item Languages - ISO-639 71 \item Countries - country codes 72 \item Persons - GND, VIAF 73 \item Organizations - GND, VIAF 74 \item Schlagwörter/Subjects - GND, LCSH 75 \item Resource Typology - 76 \end{itemize} 77 78 AAT - international Architecture and Arts Thesaurus 79 GND - Gemeinsame Norm Datei 80 GTAA - Gemeenschappelijke Thesaurus Audiovisuele Archieven (Common Thesaurus [for] Audiovisual Archives) 81 VIAF - Virtual International Authority File 82 83 Other related relevant activities and initiatives 84 85 A broader collection of related initiatives can be found at the German National Library website: 86 \furl{http://www.dnb.de/DE/Standardisierung/LinksAFS/linksafs_node.html} 87 FRBR - Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records 88 RDA - Resource Description and Access 89 http://metadaten-twr.org/ - Technology Watch Report: Standards in Metadata and Interoperability (last entry from 2011) 90 At MPDL, within the escidoc publication platform there seems to be (work on) a service (since 2009 !) for controlled vocabularies: \furl{http://colab.mpdl.mpg.de/mediawiki/Control_of_Named_Entities} 91 Entity Authority Tool Set - a web application for recording, editing, using and displaying authority information about entities â developed at the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre (NZETC). 92 http://eats.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ 93 94 95 \subsection{ISOcat - Data Category Registry} 96 97 ISO12620 71 98 72 99 \subsection{Classification Schemes, Taxonomies } … … 82 109 LT-World !? 83 110 111 112 113 \section{LRT Metadata Catalogs/Collections} 114 115 \todo{[DFKI/LT-World] - collection or ontology} 116 117 \subsection{CMDI} 118 collections, profiles/Terms, ResourceTypes! 119 120 \subsection{OLAC} 121 122 \subsection{LAT, TLA} 123 Language Archiving Technology, now The Language Archive - provided by Max Planck Insitute for Psycholinguistics \footnote{\url{http://www.mpi.nl/research/research-projects/language-archiving-technology}} 124 125 \subsection{META-NET} 126 127 128 \subsection{ELRA} 129 130 \subsection{Other} 131 132 133 \begin{description} 134 \item[LDC] Linguistic Data Consortium 135 \item[OTA LR] Archiving Service provided by Oxford Text Archive \url{http://ota.oucs.ox.ac.uk/} 136 \end{description} 137 138 \section{Other Metadata Catalogs/Collections} 139 140 Digital Libraries 141 \subsubsection{(Digital) Libraries} 142 143 144 General (Libraries, Federations): 145 146 \begin{description} 147 \item[OCLC] \url{http://www.oclc.org} 148 world's biggest Library Federation 149 \item[LoC] Library of Congress \url{http://www.loc.gov} 150 \item[EU-Lib] European Library \url{http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/organisation/handbook/accessing-collections\_ en.htm} 151 \item[europeana] virtual European library - cross-domain portal \url{http://www.europeana.eu/portal/} 152 \end{description} 153 154 155 156 157 \section{Summary} 158 159 In this chapter, we gave an overview of the existing formats and dataset in the broad context of Language Resources and Technology 160 -
SMC4LRT/chapters/Introduction.tex
r2672 r2697 1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2 \chapter{Introduction} 3 \label{ch:intro} 4 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5 1 6 2 7 \begin{itemize} … … 7 12 \item structure of the work 8 13 \end{itemize} 14 15 16 \subsection{Problem statement} 17 18 While in the Digital Libraries community a consolidation generally already happened and big federated networks of digital libary repository are set up, in the field of Language Resource and Technology the landscape is still scattered, although meanwhile looking back at a decade of standardizing efforts. One main reason seems to be the complexity and diversity of the metadata associated with the resources, stemming for one from the wide range of resource types additionally complicated by dependence of different schools of thought. 19 20 \todo{Need some number about the disparity in the field, number of institutes, resources, formats.} 21 22 This situation has been identified by the community and multiple standardization initiatives had been conducted/undertaken. This process seems to have gained a new momentum thanks to large Research Infrastructure Programmes introduced by European Commission, aimed at fostering Research communities developing large-scale pan-european common infrastructures. One key player in this development is the project CLARIN. 9 23 10 24 … … 25 39 Such \textbf{semantic search} functionality requires a preprocessing step, that produces the underlying linkage both between categories/concepts and on the instance level. We refer to this task as \textbf{semantic mapping}, that shall be realized by corresponding \texttt{Semantic Mapping Component}. In this work the focus lies on the method itself -- expressed in the specification and operationalized in the (prototypical) implementation of the component -- rather than trying to establish a final, accomplished alignment. Although a tentative, na\"ive mapping on a subset of the data will be proposed, this will be mainly used for evaluation and shall serve as basis for discussion with domain experts aimed at creating the actual sensible mappings usable for real tasks. 26 40 27 In fact, due to the great diversity of resources and research tasks, a "final" complete alignment does not seem achievable at all. Therefore also the focus shall be on "soft"dynamic mapping, i.e. to enable the users to adapt the mapping or apply different mappings depending on their current task or research question essentially being able to actively manipulate the recall/precision ratio of the search results. This entails an examination of user interaction with and visualization of the relevant additional information in the user search interface. However this would open doors to a whole new (to this work) field of usability engineering and can be treated here only marginally.41 In fact, due to the great diversity of resources and research tasks, a ``final'' complete alignment does not seem achievable at all. Therefore also the focus shall be on ``soft'' dynamic mapping, i.e. to enable the users to adapt the mapping or apply different mappings depending on their current task or research question essentially being able to actively manipulate the recall/precision ratio of the search results. This entails an examination of user interaction with and visualization of the relevant additional information in the user search interface. However this would open doors to a whole new (to this work) field of usability engineering and can be treated here only marginally. 28 42 29 43 \subsection{Method} … … 52 66 53 67 54 \begin{ itemize}68 \begin{description} 55 69 \item [Specification] definition of the mapping mechanism 56 70 \item [Prototype] proof of concept implementation 57 71 \item [Evaluation] evaluation results of querying the dataset comparing traditional search and semantic search 58 72 \item [LinkedData] translation of the source dataset to RDF-based format with links into existing datasets/ontologies/knowledgebases 59 60 \end{itemize} 73 \end{description} 61 74 62 75 -
SMC4LRT/chapters/Literature.tex
r2672 r2697 1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2 \chapter{State of the Art} 3 \label{ch:lit} 4 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 5 2 State of the art / analysis of existing approaches 3 \begin{itemize} 4 \item literature studies 5 \item analysis 6 \item comparison and summary of existing approaches 7 \end{itemize} 6 This work is guided by \todo{two (or three? + Infrastructure} main dimensions: the data - in broad, Language Resource and Technology and the method - Semantic Web technologies. This division is reflected in the following chapter: 8 7 8 \section{(Infrastructure for) Language Resources and Technology} 9 In recent years, multiple large-scale initiatives have been set out to combat the fragmented nature of the language resources landscape in general and the metadata interoperability problems in particular. 9 10 10 \subsection*{Infrastructure Components}11 In recent years, multiple large-scale initiatives have been set out to combat the fragmented nature of the language resources landscape in general and the metadata interoperability problems in particular. A comprehensive architecture for harmonized handling of metadata -- the Component Metadata Infrastructure (CMDI)\footnote{\url{http://www.clarin.eu/cmdi}} \cite{Broeder+2011} -- is being implemented within the CLARIN project\footnote{\url{http://clarin.eu}}. This service-oriented architecture consisting of a number of interacting software modules allows metadata creation and provision based on a flexible meta model, the \emph{Component Metadata Framework}, that facilitates creation of customized metadata schemas -- acknowledging that no one metadata schema can cover the large variety of language resources and usage scenarios -- however at the same time equipped with well-defined methods to ground their semantic interpretation in a community-wide controlled vocabulary -- the data category registry \cite{Kemps-Snijders2009,Broeder2010}.12 13 Individual components of this infrastructure will be described in more detail in the section \ref{components}.14 15 16 \subsection*{LRT Resources}17 11 The CLARIN project also delivers a valuable source of information on the normative resources in the domain in its current deliverable on \textit{Interoperability and Standards} \cite{CLARIN_D5.C-3}. Next to covering ontologies as one type of resources this document offers an exhaustive collection of references to standards, vocabularies and other normative/standardization work in the field of Language Resources and Technology. 18 12 19 13 Regarding existing domain-specific semantic resources \texttt{LT-World}\footnote{\url{http://www.lt-world.org/}}, the ontology-based portal covering primarily Language Technology being developed at DFKI\footnote{\textit{Deutsches Forschungszentrum fÃŒr KÃŒnstliche Intelligenz} - \url{http://www.dfki.de}}, is a prominent resource providing information about the entities (Institutions, Persons, Projects, Tools, etc.) in this field of study. \cite{Joerg2010} 14 Chapter \ref{ch:data} examines the field of LRT in more detail. 20 15 21 \subsection*{Ontology Mapping} 16 \subsection{Metadata} 17 A comprehensive architecture for harmonized handling of metadata -- the Component Metadata Infrastructure (CMDI)\footnote{\url{http://www.clarin.eu/cmdi}} \cite{Broeder+2011} -- is being implemented within the CLARIN project\footnote{\url{http://clarin.eu}}. This service-oriented architecture consisting of a number of interacting software modules allows metadata creation and provision based on a flexible meta model, the \emph{Component Metadata Framework}, that facilitates creation of customized metadata schemas -- acknowledging that no one metadata schema can cover the large variety of language resources and usage scenarios -- however at the same time equipped with well-defined methods to ground their semantic interpretation in a community-wide controlled vocabulary -- the data category registry \cite{Kemps-Snijders2009,Broeder2010}. 18 19 Individual components of this infrastructure will be described in more detail in the section \ref{ch:components}. 20 21 22 \subsection{Content Repositories} 23 Metadata is only one aspect of the availability of resources. It is the first step to announce and describe the resources. However it is of little value, if the resources themselves are not equally well accessible. Thus another pillar of the CLARIN infrastructure are Content Repositories - centres to ensure availability of resources. 24 In the following a few well established repositories are mentioned and described, as well as some of the new repositories being set up in the context of CLARIN. 25 26 \begin{description} 27 \item[PHAIDRA] Permanent Hosting, Archiving and Indexing of Digital Resources and Assets, provided by Vienna University \footnote{\url{https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/}} 28 \item[eSciDoc] provided by MPG + FIZ Karlsruhe \footnote{\url{https://www.escidoc.org/}} 29 \item[DRIVER] pan-European infrastructure of Digital Repositories \footnote{\url{http://www.driver-repository.eu/}} 30 \item[OpenAIRE] - Open Acces Infrastructure for Research in Europe \footnote{\url{http://www.openaire.eu/}} 31 \end{description} 32 33 \subsection{Content/Corpus Search} 34 Corpus Search Systems 35 \begin{description} 36 \item[DDC] - text-corpus 37 \item[manatee] - text-corpus 38 \item[CQP] - text-corps 39 \item[TROVA] - MM annotated resources 40 \item[ELAN] - MM annotated resources (editor + search) 41 \end{description} 42 43 \subsection{FederatedSearch} 44 45 46 47 \section{Semantic Web} 48 49 \todo{cite TimBL} 50 51 \begin{description} 52 \item[RDF/OWL] 53 \item[SKOS] 54 \end{description} 55 56 57 \subsection{Linked Open Data} 58 As described previously, one outcome of the work will be the dataset expressed in RDF interlinked with other semantic resources. 59 This is very much in line with the broad \textit{Linked Open Data} effort as proposed by Berners-Lee \cite{TimBL2006} and being pursuit across many discplines. (This topic is supported also by the EU Commission within the FP7.\footnote{\url{http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=PROJ\_ICT&ACTION=D&CAT=PROJ&RCN=95562}}) A very recent comprehensive overview of the principles of Linked Data and current applications is the book by Heath and Bizer \cite{HeathBizer2011}, that shall serve as a practical guide for this specific task. 60 61 62 \subsection{Schema / Ontology Mapping} 22 63 As the main contribution shall be the application of \emph{ontology mapping} techniques and technology, a comprehensive overview of this field and current developments is paramount. There seems to be a plethora of work on the topic and the difficult task will be to sort out the relevant contributions. The starting point for the investigation will be the overview of the field by Kalfoglou \cite{Kalfoglou2003} and a more recent summary of the key challenges by Shvaiko and Euzenat \cite{Shvaiko2008}. 23 64 … … 26 67 One more specific recent inspirative work is that of Noah et. al \cite{Noah2010} developing a semantic digital library for an academic institution. The scope is limited to document collections, but nevertheless many aspects seem very relevant for this work, like operating on document metadata, ontology population or sophisticated querying and searching. 27 68 28 \subsection*{Linked Open Data} 29 As described previously one outcome of the work will be the dataset expressed in RDF interlinked with other semantic resources. 30 This is very much in line with the broad \textit{Linked Open Data} effort as proposed by Berners-Lee \cite{TimBL2006} and being pursuit across many discplines. (This topic is supported also by the EU Commission within the FP7.\footnote{\url{http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=PROJ\_ICT&ACTION=D&CAT=PROJ&RCN=95562}}) A very recent comprehensive overview of the principles of Linked Data and current applications is the book by Heath and Bizer \cite{HeathBizer2011}, that shall serve as a practical guide for this specific task. 69 \subsection{Ontology Visualization} 31 70 32 ----------------------------33 71 34 \subsection{Language Resources and Technology} 35 36 While in the Digital Libraries community a consolidation generally already happened and big federated networks of digital libary repository are set up, in the field of Language Resource and Technology the landscape is still scattered, although meanwhile looking back at a decade of standardizing efforts. One main reason seems to be the complexity and diversity of the metadata associated with the resources, stemming for one from the wide range of resource types additionally complicated by dependence of different schools of thought. 37 38 Need some number about the disparity in the field, number of institutes, resources, formats. 39 40 This situation has been identified by the community and multiple standardization initiatives had been conducted/undertaken. This process seems to have gained a new momentum thanks to large Research Infrastructure Programmes introduced by European Commission, aimed at fostering Research communities developing large-scale pan-european common infrastructures. One key player in this development is the project CLARIN. 41 42 \subsubsection{CLARIN} 43 44 CLARIN - Common Language Resource and Technology Infrastructure - constituted by over 180 members from round 38 countries. The mission of this project is 45 46 create a research infrastructure that makes language resources and technologies (LRT) available to scholars of all disciplines, especially SSH large-scale pan-European collaborative effort to create, coordinate and make language resources and technology available and readily useable 47 48 This shall be accomplished by setting up a federated network of centers (with federated identity management) but mainly providing resources and services in an agreed upon / coherent / uniform / consistent /standardized manner. The foundation for this goal shall be the Common or Component Metadata infrastructure, a model that caters for flexible metadata profiles, allowing to accomodate existing schemas. 49 50 The embedment in the CLARIN project brings about the context of Language Resources and HLT (Human Language Technology, aka NLP - Natural Language Processing) and SSH (Social Sciences and Humanities) as the primary target user-group of CLARIN. 51 CLARIN/NLP for SSH 52 53 \subsubsection{Standards} 54 55 \begin{description} 56 \item[ISO12620] Data Category Registry 57 \item[LAF] Linguistic Annotation Framework 58 \item[CMDI] - (DC, OLAC, IMDI, TEI) 59 \end{description} 60 61 \subsubsection{NLP MD Catalogues} 62 63 \begin{description} 64 \item[LAT, TLA] - Language Archiving Technology, now The Language Archive - provided by Max Planck Insitute for Psycholinguistics \url{http://www.mpi.nl/research/research-projects/language-archiving-technology} 65 \item[OTA LR] Archiving Service provided by Oxford Text Archive \url{http://ota.oucs.ox.ac.uk/} 66 \item[OLAC] 67 \item[ELRA] 68 \item[LDC] 69 \item[DFKI/LT-World] 70 \end{description} 71 72 \subsection{Ontologies} 73 74 \subsubsection{Word, Sense, Concept} 75 76 Lexicon vs. Ontology 77 Lexicon is a linguistic object an ontology is not.\cite{Hirst2009} We don't need to be that strict, but it shall be a guiding principle in this work to consider things (Datasets, Vocabularies, Resources) also along this dichotomy/polarity: Conceptual vs. Lexical. 78 And while every Ontology has to have a lexical representation (canonically: rdfs:label, rdfs:comment, skos:*label), if we don't try to force observed objects into a binary classification, but consider a bias spectrum, we should be able to locate these along this spectrum. 79 So the main focus of a typical ontology are the concepts ("conceptualization"), primarily language-independent. 72 \subsection{Linguistic Ontologies} 80 73 81 74 A special case are Linguistic Ontologies: isocat, GOLD, WALS.info 82 75 ontologies conceptualizing the linguistic domain 83 76 84 They are special in that ( "ontologized") Lexicons refer to them to describe linguistic properties of the Lexical Entries, as opposed to linking to Domain Ontologies to anchor Senses/Meanings.77 They are special in that (``ontologized'') Lexicons refer to them to describe linguistic properties of the Lexical Entries, as opposed to linking to Domain Ontologies to anchor Senses/Meanings. 85 78 Lexicalized Ontologies: LingInfo, lemon: LMF + isocat/GOLD + Domain Ontology 86 79 … … 96 89 And we are dealing with highly structured data with referenced in their nominal(?) form. 97 90 98 Another special case are Controlled Vocabularies or Taxonomies/Classification Systems, let alone folksonomies, in that they identify terms and concepts/meanings, ie there is no explicit mapping between the language represenation and the concept, but rather the term is implicit carrier of the meaning/concept.99 So for example in the LCSH the surface realization of each subject-heading at the same time identifies the Concept ~.100 101 controlled vocabularies?102 91 103 92 104 105 \subsubsection{Semantic Web - Linked Data} 106 107 \begin{description} 108 \item[RDF/OWL] 109 \item[SKOS] 110 \end{description} 111 112 \subsubsection{OntologyMapping} 113 114 115 \subsection{Visualization} 116 117 118 \subsection{FederatedSearch} 119 120 \subsubsection{Standards} 121 122 \begin{description} 123 \item[Z39.50/SRU/SRW/CQL] LoC 124 \item[OAI-PMH] 125 \end{description} 126 127 128 \subsubsection{(Digital) Libraries} 129 130 131 General (Libraries, Federations): 132 133 \begin{description} 134 \item[OCLC] \url{http://www.oclc.org} 135 world's biggest Library Federation 136 \item[LoC] Library of Congress \url{http://www.loc.gov} 137 \item[EU-Lib] European Library \url{http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/organisation/handbook/accessing-collections\_ en.htm} 138 \item[europeana] virtual European library - cross-domain portal \url{http://www.europeana.eu/portal/} 139 \end{description} 140 141 \subsubsection{Content Repositories} 142 143 \begin{description} 144 \item[PHAIDRA] Permanent Hosting, Archiving and Indexing of Digital Resources and Assets, provided by Vienna University \url{https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/} 145 \item[eSciDoc] provided by MPG + FIZ Karlsruhe \url{https://www.escidoc.org/} 146 \item[DRIVER] pan-European infrastructure of Digital Repositories \url{http://www.driver-repository.eu/} 147 \item[OpenAIRE] - Open Acces Infrastructure for Research in Europe \url{http://www.openaire.eu/} 148 \end{description} 149 150 151 \subsubsection{(MD)search frameworks:} 152 153 \begin{description} 154 \item[Zebra/Z39.50] JZKit 155 \item[Lucene/Solr] 156 \item[eXist] - xml DB 157 \end{description} 158 159 \subsubsection{Content/Corpus Search} 160 Corpus Search Systems 161 \begin{description} 162 \item[DDC] - text-corpus 163 \item[manatee] - text-corpus 164 \item[CQP] - text-corps 165 \item[TROVA] - MM annotated resources 166 \item[ELAN] - MM annotated resources (editor + search) 167 \end{description} 168 169 \subsection{Summary} 170 93 \section{Summary} 94 This chapter concentrated on the current affairs/developments regarding the infrastructures for Language Resources and Technology and 95 on the other hand gave an overview of the state of the art regarding methods to be applied in this work: Semantic Web Technologies, Ontology Mapping and Ontology Visualization. -
SMC4LRT/chapters/System.tex
r2672 r2697 1 %\section{?? System} 2 %SOA? 1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2 \chapter{Implementation} 3 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 3 4 4 5 5 %\subsection{Query Language} 6 %CQL? 6 7 The core function of the SMC is implemented as a set of XSL-stylesheets, with auxiliary functionality (like caching or a wrapping web service) being provided by a wrapping application implemented in Java. There is also a plan to provide an XQuery implementation. The SMC module is being maintained in the CMDI code repository\footnote {\url{http://svn.clarin.eu/SMC}}. 8 9 The Semantic Mapping module is based on the DCR and CMD framework and is being developed as a separate service on the side of CLARIN Metadata Service, its primary consuming service, but shall be equally usable by other applications. 7 10 8 11 9 \s ubsection{Implementation}12 \section{Initialization} 10 13 11 The core function of the SMC is being implemented as a set of XSL-stylesheets, with auxiliary functionality (like caching or a wrapping web service) being provided by a wrapping application implemented in Java. There is also a plan to provide an XQuery implementation. The SMC module is being maintained in the CMDI code repository\footnote {\url{http://svn.clarin.eu/SMC}}. 14 First there is an initialization phase, in which the application fetches the information from the source modules (cf. \ref{components}). All profiles and components from the Component Registry are read and all the URIs to data categories are extracted to construct an inverted map of data categories: 15 \newline 16 17 \textit{datcatURI $\mapsto$ profile.component.element[]} 18 \newline 19 20 The collected data categories are enriched with information from corresponding registries (DCRs), adding the verbose identifier, the description and available translations into other working languages. %, usable as base for multi-lingual search user-interface. 21 22 Finally relation sets defined in the Relation Registry are fetched and matched with the data categories in the map to create sets of semantically equivalent (or otherwise related) data categories. 12 23 13 24 14 \subsubsection{smc init} 25 \section{SMC as module for Metadata Repository} 26 27 (MD)search frameworks: 28 29 \begin{description} 30 \item[Zebra/Z39.50] JZKit 31 \item[Lucene/Solr] 32 \item[eXist] - xml DB 33 \end{description} 15 34 16 35 17 \subsubsection{smc browser} 36 37 \section{SMC Browser} 18 38 19 39 Explore the Component Metadata Framework … … 35 55 \end{figure*} 36 56 37 \subsubsection{smc as mdrepo module}38 57 39 58 40 \s ubsubsection{smc as VAS}59 \section{User Interface} 41 60 61 \subsection{Query Input} 42 62 63 \subsection{Columns} 43 64 44 \subsection{ User Interface}65 \subsection{Summaries} 45 66 46 \subsubsection{Query Input} 47 48 \subsubsection{Columns} 49 50 \subsubsection{Summaries} 51 52 \subsubsection{Differential Views} 67 \subsection{Differential Views} 53 68 Visualize impact of given mapping in terms of covered dataset (number of matched records). 54 69 70 \subsection{Visualization} 71 Landscape, Treemap, SOM 72 73 Ontology Mapping and Alignement / saiks/Ontology4 4auf1.pdf -
SMC4LRT/chapters/acknowledgements.tex
r2672 r2697 1 1 \chapter*{Acknowledgements} 2 2 3 Optional acknowledgements may be inserted here. 3 I would like to thank all the colleagues from the CLARIN community, for the support, the fruitful discussions and helpful feedback, especially Daan Broeder, Menzo Windhouwer, Marc Kemps-Snijders, Hennie Brugman. 4 5 With love to em.
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